摘要:幸福研究是当今学术界深入探讨的一个热点问题,其研究范畴主要涉及基础理论(包括内涵界定、本质属性、结构要素、元理论学说)和专题研究(包括幸福感、幸福观、幸福指数、国民幸福、民生幸福、幸福悖论、幸福问题、幸福归因、幸福路径)两大部分,并呈现出一定的现实性、多元性和实证性特点。但对于幸福因素的作用机理、幸福构成的特殊差异和幸福研究的实践创新尚需深入探讨,同时也为幸福研究的理论创新、方法突破和实践深化留下了深入研究的发展空间。借鉴国外成熟的研究成果,结合中国实际,建立中国特色的幸福评价指标体系,形成中国化、本土化、特色化的幸福学理论体系,是中国特色幸福学研究创新发展的努力方向和根本任务。
关键词:幸福学;幸福问题;幸福指数;幸福悖论;幸福评价
中图分类号:B821;C913 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1671-1254(2014)02-0026-09
An Overview on Happiness Theory
CAI Chun-ling
(Faculty of Social Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China)
Abstract:Happiness research is a hot issue being discussed in depth in academia nowadays. Its research category mainly involves basic theory research and special subject research. The former mainly includes the definition of connotation, essential attributes, structure elements, meta-theory doctrine, and the latter covers happiness feeling, happiness view, happiness index, national happiness, happiness of people’s livelihood, happiness paradox, happiness problem, attribution of the happiness problem, path to realize happiness. They both present sort of reality, diversity and empirical features about the happiness research, and yet what needs to be probed deeply and further are the mechanism of the happiness factors, the special differences of the happiness constitution, and the innovative practice of the happiness research. And at the same time, more developmental room has been left for the theoretical innovation, methodological breakthroughs and practical application of the happiness research. It is the striving orientation and the fundamental mission of the innovation of the eudemonics research with Chinese characteristics to set up the evaluation index system of happiness with Chinese characteristics and form the theory system of the eudemonics of chinization, localization, characterization by drawing lessons from the foreign research results and taking into consideration of China’s realities.
Keywords:eudemonics; happiness problems; happiness index; happiness paradox; happiness evaluation
随着经济社会的发展,幸福研究已成为当今学术界深入探讨的一个热点,以至于“幸福学”呼之欲出。其中,既有基础理论研究的推陈出新,亦有专题研究的深化发展。整理总结期刊网http://www.400qikan.com幸福理论研究的进展情况,对于助推幸福研究的革新发展大有裨益。
一、幸福基础理论研究
(一)幸福的内涵界定
1幸福的语义内涵。对幸福内涵的界定是幸福元理论研究必须回答的基本问题。邓先奇认为,在西方语境中,幸福(英语用Happiness表示)意味着愉快、满意、满足等;在中国语境中,幸福是“幸”与“福”的集合,其中“幸”的涵义包括幸运、幸福、高兴、希望等,而“福”则与“祸”相对,代表着福利、幸福和利益[1]61。为此,《现代汉语词典》将“幸福”定义为:使人心情舒畅的境遇和生活;(生活、境遇)称心如意。《辞海》则将“幸福”定义为在为理想奋斗过程中以及理想实现时感到满足的状况和体验。